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27:01, 27 Январь 2022
На ту же тему
Fitch оценило риски оттока вкладов в российском банке из первой сотни
Офис агентства Fitch в Лондоне
Фото: Reuters/Pixstream
Отзыв лицензий у банков
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Агентство Fitch понизило рейтинг Азиатско-Тихоокеанского банка (АТБ), который входит в первую сотню российских банков, и допустило риск оттока вкладов из-за проблем у его «дочки» — банка М2М, обслуживающего богатых клиентов. Чистый риск АТБ составил почти 10 мрлд руб.
Международное рейтинговое агентство Fitch допустило риск оттока средств клиентов из Азиатско-Тихоокеанского банка (АТБ), занимающего 56-е место по объему активов среди российских банков, на фоне негативных новостей о принадлежащем ему М2М Прайвет Банке. В понедельник, 21 ноября, долгосрочный рейтинг дефолта эмитента АТБ понижен с уровня «B-» до «CCC», рейтинг помещен в список Rating Watch «Негативный».
О проблемах М2М стало известно в начале ноября. 7 ноября банк не выполнил обязательства по сделке РЕПО, а с 10 ноября перестал принимать платежи. Сейчас АТБ, который владеет 100% акций М2М, ведет переговоры с кредиторами о докапитализации банка. АТБ рассчитывает на проведение процедуры bail-in, и что Банк России согласует ее в начале этой недели.
Рейтинг был понижен в связи с усилением давления на качество активов и капитал АТБ. Как объясняет агентство, на конец первого полугодия объем кредитов за вычетом резервов составлял 9,6 млрд руб. (88% от основного капитала на консолидированной основе) по связанным сторонам с довольно слабым качеством. АТБ также разместил 6,5 млрд руб. (63% своего основного капитала на самостоятельной основе) в испытывающем проблемы М2М.
Статус Rating Watch «Негативный» отражает высокие риски последствий неисполнения обязательства по РЕПО М2М и серьезной неопределенности в отношении плана АТБ по спасению своей «дочки». Как объясняет Fitch, без поддержки кредиторов и одобрения Центробанка этот план может привести к тому, что АТБ придется списать как минимум часть межбанковских размещений в М2М. В результате АТБ может сам нарушить регулятивные требования к капиталу, хотя, по данным, полученным Fitch от менеджмента банка, Банк России может разрешить АТБ некоторое временное отступление от требований для постепенного повышения резервов.
«Риск оттока депозитов также присутствует, хотя он в некоторой степени сглаживается значительным запасом ликвидности у АТБ, покрывающим 34% клиентских счетов на 10 ноября», — говорится в сообщении Fitch.
АТБ на момент публикации не ответил на запрос РБК.
Риски на миллиарды
В процессе присуждения рейтинга агентство рассматривало показатели АТБ по итогам первого полугодия. Как объясняет Fitch, на конец июня 20% кредитов на балансе банка были неработающими. Из них большая часть (81%) относилась к необеспеченному розничному портфелю, по которому показатель неработающих кредитов был на высоком, с точки зрения агентства, уровне — 34%.
Неработающие кредиты были на 88% покрыты резервами (агентство называет это приемлемым показателем), но «в то же время показатели неработающих кредитов не отражают высокорисковые кредиты банка связанным сторонам и M2M, что является ключевыми слабыми сторонами банка». Кроме того, поскольку АТБ закрыл сделку по покупке M2M лишь в третьем квартале, отчетность материнского банка за первое полугодие показатели дочернего не учитывает. На конец третьего квартала валовый кредитный портфель M2M составлял 18% от портфеля АТБ (исходя из регулятивной отчетности), и, по оценкам Fitch, около 70% кредитов в портфеле на тот момент были неработающими или реструктурированными.
Суммарные чистые риски АТБ и M2M по связанным сторонам представлены кредитами холдинговой компании (7,5 млрд руб. на конец июня) и акциями золотодобывающей компании (2,1 млрд руб.), которые на конец полугодия вместе были равны 88% от основного капитала на консолидированной основе. Большинство этих кредитов — необеспеченные и, насколько Fitch понимает по данным от менеджмента, выданы для финансирования других бизнесов акционеров, некоторые из которых имеют достаточно высокий леверидж (соотношение заемного капитала и собственного капитала компании и влияние этого соотношения на чистую прибыль), а другие демонстрируют слабые показатели. Кроме того, есть риск дальнейшего давления на капитал ввиду потенциального выкупа акций у иностранных миноритариев.
На самостоятельной основе АТБ имеет риск на 6,5 млрд руб. (63% основного капитала) по M2M. Fitch полагает, что Центробанк наложил ограничения на поддержку М2М ликвидностью от АТБ для защиты кредитоспособности «материнского» банка.
У M2M также есть проблемы с платежеспособностью, о чем свидетельствует несоблюдение нормативов достаточности капитала на 1 ноября 2016 года из-за дополнительных резервов, созданных в соответствии с требованием Банка России.
АТБ может лишь ограниченно поддерживать свою «дочку» капиталом, и на него могут распространяться регулятивные ограничения. По данным Fitch, полученным от менеджмента АТБ, сейчас рассматривается вовлечение в оздоровление М2М некоторых из его кредиторов, что может обеспечить достаточный капитал. В то же время существует значительный риск, связанный с исполнением, и в итоге проблемы с качеством активов у M2M могут потребовать дальнейшего резервирования, отмечает агентство.
На фоне негативных новостей вокруг M2M имеется риск оттока средств из АТБ, «хотя он в некоторой степени сглаживается значительным запасом ликвидности у АТБ, покрывающим 34% клиентских счетов на 10 ноября».
М2М Прайвет Банк (161-е место в рейтинге Banki.ru) называет себя единственным российским банком, специализирующимся на обслуживании только состоятельных частных клиентов. Как следует из данных на сайте банка, на 1 октября 2016 года в нем насчитывалось 6,15 млрд руб. средств физлиц.
АТБ — стопроцентный владелец акций М2М. Банк занимает 56-е место по объему активов среди российских банков, по версии портала Banki.ru. Главные акционеры АТБ — основатель золотодобытчика Petropavlovsk PLC Питер Хамбро, Алексей Масловский и их партнер Андрей Вдовин. В числе акционеров банка также зарубежные компании East Capital Financials Fund AB (владеет 17,91% акций) и IFC (6,71% акций).
Читайте также: Новости Новороссии.
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